Astigmatism: What it is and How to Cure it

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Astigmatism is a refractive condition of the eye where the surface of the cornea or the crystalline lens is irregular.  This irregularity will then cause the focus of images of to fall short or beyond the retina in several different distances.  Oftentimes, astigmatism is accompanied by myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightendess).   To fully understand the surface of the cornea, one must consider the shape of a basketball in comparison to a football.  If you would look closely at the basketball, the shape is even all throughout the ball.  This is the relative normal surface of the cornea.  While with the foot ball, the shape is entirely irregular.  If this will be your corneal surface, the resulting refraction will be also irregular.   Causes of Astigmatism As stated, astigmatism is stemmed from irregularities from the corneal and lenticular surfaces.  The changes on the surfaces of those refractive medias can be due to: Genetics – astigmatism often runs in the family.  If you were born to parents that have significant astigmatism, there is a possibility that you will develop the condition. Nature of work – those exposed to near-point work such as sewing, and also spending too much time in front of the TV or computer can cause changes in the cornea and crystalline lens. Trauma – a trauma of the eye that can cause corneal tear can cause alteration of the corneal surface. Surgery – corneal transplant, cataract removal, and poor laser surgery can alter the corneal curvature. Signs and symptoms The signs and symptoms of astigmatism can mimic those of myopia or hyperopia.  And manifestations of such signs and symptoms can also depend on the severity of astigmatism. Mild astigmatism often show signs and symptoms of: Asthenopia or eye strain, especially when reading Frontal headache Nausea and vomiting Presence of shadow in letters Moderate to severe astigmatism will show: Presence of wavy lines depending on the area of astigmatism Tilting of the head in a certain angle in order to see clearly Treatment There are several forms of treatment for astigmatism.  Other treatments are temporary, giving the person clear vision on specific points of the day.  Other treatments are permanent, giving the person freedom from blurry vision due to astigmatism.. Corrective lenses: these corrective lenses are called torric lenses.  Instead of the regular lens, these lenses only give correction on specific points or meridians.  Torric lenses come in two forms: regular eye glasses and contact lenses.  There is not much to explain with eye glasses aside from it being placed in front of your eyes. For torric contact lenses, they come in several forms:  soft torric and torric rigid gas permable (RGP) lenses.  Soft torric lenses are bigger in diameter and softer for the eyes, allowing your cornea to breath.   Torric RGP lenses, on the other hand can be used in two ways: One to correct vision and two: to reform the shape of the cornea so you can eventually see clearly without wearing contact lenses for several hours a day.  This procedure is known as orthokeratology. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK):  in this procedure, the cornea is shaped by having the laser remove certain superficial cells of the cornea.  This process will thin out the corneal surface, altering its ability to refract light, thereby permanently correcting astigmatism. Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK): this has the same principle as PRK, only the superficial layer of the cornea is carefully peeled off so that the laser can target the deeper layers of the cornea.  Once reshaping is done, the corneal surface is returned to the original place and sealed in order to heal.   Contrary to popular belief, wearing eye glasses will not correct or worsen your refractive condition.  What determines your vision is your current health state, presence of any medical condition (i.e. hypertension, diabetes mellitus), and your age.   Your eye hygiene is also important, meaning how you read and how you distance yourself from the computer or TV.
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